Introduction 

Life is what make of it. However ,in Order to live the best life possible, you need to look deep within yourself . You need to make sure you are doing everything in your power to make the most of your days.

This involves analysing yoiur idea of life fulfilment . It involves increasing your chance of success and productivity mostly . Mostly , it involving your sense of self worth

Self-improvement is as easy as simply getting up a few minutes early ,re-arrenging you schedule or letting yourself laugh. However , Sometimes it's hard to know whre to begin on your journey towards self-improvement .

This is why we have outlined 110 self improvement tips that will improve your relationship , increse your productivity and enhance your outlook in all aspects of your life . From health and relationship to finance and career, we have the tips to make improve your sense of self and advance your successes in life.

Health and Fitness Self-Improvement Tips

There's no better place to start self-improvement than with Your health. After all , health is one of the most important aspects 

Types of Management

 

Types of Management

The most common and mentionable types of management are as follows:

1. Operations Management
2. Sales Management
3. Strategic Management
4. Marketing Management
5. Public Relations
6. Supply Chain Management
7. Financial and Accounting Management
8. Procurement Management
9. Human Resource Management
10. Research & Development (R & D) Management
11. Information Technology Management
12. Engineering Management
13. Project Management
14. Program Management
15. Change Management
16. Risk Management
17. Innovation Management
18. Quality Management
19. Facility Management
20. Design Management
21. Knowledge Management

 

Each of the types is defined below

Operations Management

Operations management focuses on designing and controlling the production process of goods or services to generate the highest possible efficiency within a company. Its main motive is maximizing the company’s profit. It broadly describes all aspects of production management from manufacturing to retailing.

Sales Management

Sales management deals with the management of sales operations, sales teams, sales accounts or sales territories of an organization. Sales management coordinates people with resources to achieve a sales goal.

Strategic Management

 Strategic management deals with the entire process of an organization’s strategy development and its implementation to grow and sustain competitive advantage. It’s a function of an executive which may be reported to the organization’s owners.

Marketing Management

Marketing management is the management of products, brands, marketing strategies, and promotions. According to Kotler and Keller, "Marketing management is 'the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value'

Public Relations

Public relations deal with the management of communications between the public and an organization. It is the way individuals, companies and organizations communicate with media and the public. A public relations specialist shares information, views, and opinions with the target audience indirectly or directly through media for creating and maintaining a positive image and building a good relationship with the audience.

Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management is the management of the process of a product’s or service’s movement from supplier to consumer. It manages the goods’ and services’ flow and involves all processes which transform raw materials into products. It includes the active flow of a business’s supply-related functions for maximizing customer value and gaining a competitive advantage in the market.

Financial and Accounting Management

Financial and accounting management deals with the management of financial and accountin functions, teams and processes. Every business or person gets itself or herself or himself in economic functions. All businesses perform economic/ financial functions. Financial management and accounting management are related in such a way that accounting provides vital input for financial decision making. But they are different with regards to the management of funds and decision making.
Accounting prepares and examines financial records of the past. On the other hand, Financial management plans to attain different financial objectives.

Procurement Management
Procurement management is the management of goods’ and/or services’ purchasing or obtaining from outside or external sources. All companies deal with this type of management at any point in their business life. Procurement management helps a company to save much money while buying goods and services from external sources.

Human Resource Management

Human resource management takes care of attracting, recruiting, training, paying, rewarding employees and motivating and managing employees’ performance. Employees are human resources which play a key role in developing and managing the culture of an organization. No product or service is possible to produce without the help of human resources. So, human resource management is one of the most important tasks and departments of an organization.

Research & Development (R&D) Management

Research & Development (R & D) Management manages the teams and processes of research and development. In this ever-changing technological world, companies are needed to be innovative, develop new products and improve the existing products. In this context, R & D hold immense importance in companies for gaining competitive advantage. R & D management plays a significant role in the improved or better performance of a company.

Information Technology (IT) Management

Information technology management deals with the management of information technology processes and teams. It is the process by which all information technology-related resources are managed as per the company’s needs and priorities. This involves tangible resources such as computers, people, networking hardware and intangible resources such as data and software.

Engineering Management

Engineering management manages the engineering applications for business solutions. For instance, construction, manufacturing, and new product development. Engineering management is the combination of an engineer’s technical skills with business skills and acumen.

Project Management

Project Managment means the planning, organizing and controlling of projects.

Program Management

Program management is the management of the continuing projects’ portfolio.

Change Management

Change management deals with the application of a systematic approach to change in business. The motive of change management is helping teams and organizations make smooth transformations or changes to target conditions.

Risk Management

Risk management identifies, assesses and controls the chances that processes and objectives may face negative consequences.

Innovation Management

Innovation management manages innovation processes e.g. research and development, strategy, or organizational changes.

Quality Management

Quality management manages the planning of quality, its controlling, its assurance and its improvement.

Facility Management

Facility management manages facilities e.g. offices, branches, data centers, and network operations centers.

Design Management

Design management means managing design processes e.g. visiting card design, business card design, new product design, brochure design, etc.

Knowledge Management

Knowledge management deals with the management of creation, identification, distribution, representation and application of knowledge. Nowadays it is a critical field in an economy which is knowledge driven.

Confusion (भ्रम मैट्रिक्स को समझना )

 

Understanding Confusion Matrix

Understanding Confusion Matrix [Image 1] (Image courtesy: My Photoshopped Collection)

When we get the data, after data cleaning, pre-processing, and wrangling, the first step we do is to feed it to an outstanding model and of course, get output in probabilities. But hold on! How in the hell can we measure the effectiveness of our model. Better the effectiveness, better the performance, and that is exactly what we want. And it is where the Confusion matrix comes into the limelight. Confusion Matrix is a performance measurement for machine learning classification.

This blog aims to answer the following questions:

1. What the confusion matrix is and why you need it?
2. How to calculate Confusion Matrix for a 2-class classification problem?

Today, let’s understand the confusion matrix once and for all.

What is Confusion Matrix and why you need it?

Well, it is a performance measurement for machine learning classification problem where output can be two or more classes. It is a table with 4 different combinations of predicted and actual values.

Confusion Matrix [Image 2] (Image courtesy: My Photoshopped Collection)

It is extremely useful for measuring Recall, Precision, Specificity, Accuracy, and most importantly AUC-ROC curves.

Let’s understand TP, FP, FN, TN in terms of pregnancy analogy.

Confusion Matrix [Image 3] (Image courtesy: My Photoshopped Collection)

True Positive:

Interpretation: You predicted positive and it’s true.  You predicted that a woman is pregnant and she actually is.

True Negative:

Interpretation: You predicted negative and it’s true. You predicted that a man is not pregnant and he actually is not.

False Positive: (Type 1 Error)

Interpretation: You predicted positive and it’s false. You predicted that a man is pregnant but he actually is not.

False Negative: (Type 2 Error)

Interpretation: You predicted negative and it’s false. You predicted that a woman is not pregnant but she actually is.

Just Remember, We describe predicted values as Positive and Negative and actual values as True and False.

Actual vs Predicted values [Image 4] (Image courtesy: My Photoshopped Collection)

How to Calculate Confusion Matrix for a 2-class classification problem?

Let’s understand the confusion matrix through math.

Confusion Matrix [Image 5 and 6] (Image 5 courtesy: My Photoshopped Collection) (Image 6 courtesy: I can not find the source. If you know please comment. I will provide appropriate citations. :D)

Recall

Recall [Image 7] (Image courtesy: My Photoshopped Collection)

The above equation can be explained by saying, from all the positive classes, how many we predicted correctly.

Recall should be high as possible.

Precision

Precision [Image 8] (Image courtesy: My Photoshopped Collection)

The above equation can be explained by saying, from all the classes we have predicted as positive, how many are actually positive.

Precision should be high as possible.

and

Accuracy

From all the classes (positive and negative), how many of them we have predicted correctly. In this case, it will be 4/7.

Accuracy should be high as possible.

F-measure

F1 Score [Image 9] (Image courtesy: My Photoshopped Collection)

It is difficult to compare two models with low precision and high recall or vice versa. So to make them comparable, we use F-Score. F-score helps to measure Recall and Precision at the same time. It uses Harmonic Mean in place of Arithmetic Mean by punishing the extreme values more.

I hope I’ve given you some basic understanding of what exactly is the confusion matrix. If you like this post, a tad of extra motivation will be helpful by giving this post some claps 👏. I am always open to your questions and suggestions. You can share this on Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, so someone in need might stumble upon this.

 

Leader vs Boss: What’s the difference?

By Ajay Dodiyar 

Introduction

The difference between a boss vs leader has nothing to do with your job position, at a glance, the same. They’re both individuals who lead another group of people. The terms boss and the leader are often used interchangeably but both boss and leader have different connotations. Even more crucially, when you see a boss vs. a leader in the practice, you can see the difference.

The Boss is a strong personality who focuses on business outcomes rather than relationships. Whereas, Leaders take measured and make positive changes in relationships, business practices, and communications. 

Understand the concept of boss vs. leader in this article and lead your fellow mates regardless of your official title.from Asia’s No.1 Business School

Who Is Boss?

A boss is an individual who is in charge of the organisation. He is someone who takes control over employees, orders assign tasks and duties to them.

In a company there is no term called ‘boss’, but the word indicates a person who is the owner of the organization.

Who is a Leader?

A leader is an individual who has the ability to influence and leads others by example. He is someone who holds a dominant position with a vision and stays committed to his goal. The qualities of a good leader are:

• Foresightedness
• Great communication skills
• Art of influencing and motivating others
• Stimulates work
• Clear goals
• Appreciate others
• Sets examples
• Takes responsibilities
• Does right things

Boss vs Leader: The Difference

A boss gives answers. A leader seeks solutions.

Leadership refers to an individual’s ability to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward organizational success. A leader is a person who guides his employees to grow and develop problem-solving abilities and other skills that add value to a company.

A boss expects big results. A leader is generous with praise.

A leader is a person who appreciates your small achievement and also gives you constructive criticism whenever necessary. Praise and appreciation can motivate employees to perform better. While a boss always expects big results and accepts only good work. 

A boss counts value. A leader creates value.

A leader creates value by setting an example. While A boss focuses on counting value. As we read earlier leader gives constructive criticism to help someone improve. While the boss discourages a person straight on their face which could cause them to disengage.

A boss controls. A leader trusts

Boss is an individual who has the tendency to control workers. This behaviour can undermine productivity and growth. While a leader leads a team, engages with workers and inspire them to work. 

A boss commands. A leader listens and speaks.

We all know bosses commands, give orders and never listen!. However, leaders always listen to the opinions of their colleagues and support them to work for the companies betterment. 

A leader creates more leaders

Leaders set the framework for workers to grow, improve their skills and assume leadership roles themselves and inspire their employees to become leaders. 

Bosses always struggle to listen!. Listening skills is one of the most important aspects that a boss requires. Bosses should always listen to their employee’s concerns and feedback. While a leader always listens and take responsibility when deadlines aren’t met, stand with them and help them to reach the goal. To be a successful business owner listen more and speak less.

Bosses Push. Leaders Direct.

Boss’s push their staff too hard and set unrealistic standards that the workers can’t live up to. This can cause issues inside the company as employees try to find ways to deal with the demands.

You should approach the job much differently and focus on the team’s process before the result. Put yourself in their shoes! this can immensely bring in positive changes in your employees and they will respond positively and get you the results you need.

Make an effort to show empathy and the willingness to change can help inspire the people around you as a leader does. 

Bosses Rush. Leaders Are Patient.

A leader must practice patience and help your employees do their jobs more effectively and understand where your employees are experiencing issues. This will allow you to teach them how to do it themselves, freeing you to focus on doing your own job.

Bosses Expect Greatness. Leaders Teach It.

Effective leaders are good teachers!. The leader teaches their employees in a most efficient way while bosses expect their employees to know the best way to accomplish tasks, even if they’re new to them. 

Teaching your employees requires patience and the willingness to listen are a big part of what makes someone a great teacher. By taking the time to understand and educate your employees, you’ll find it easier to achieve results in a more efficient process.

Bosses Cause Nervousness. Leaders Inspire Confidence.

The last, but perhaps most important, difference between a boss vs. a leader is how they affect emotions. Nothing makes a boss happier than an inspired workspace where employees are comfortable voicing their opinions. Bosses often create an atmosphere of fear that discourages those behaviours, where leaders create a safe space that nurtures them.

Happy people do good work. All you have to do is show them respect and reward them. That’s why big successes—are only possible with great leadership.

Be a Leader, Not a Boss

Any good leader can be a boss, but every boss cant be a leader! This role is something you embrace mentally and emotionally that inspires your company and employees to greater heights.

Infographics on Boss vs Leader

Inspiring Quotes On Leaders and Bosses

A leader is best when people barely know he exists, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say: we did it ourselves.– Lao Tzu

A boss demands blind obedience; a leader earns his authority through understanding and trust.– Klaus Balkenhol

The key to successful leadership is influence, not authority.– Kenneth H. Blanchard

My job is not to be easy on people. My job is to take these great people we have and to push them and make them even better.– Steve Jobs

Successful leaders see the opportunities in every difficulty rather than the difficulty in every opportunity.– Reed Markham

Leadership is the art of giving people a platform for spreading ideas that work.– Seth Godin

Conclusion

A leader is a person who leads his followers and guides them in different matters. On the other hand, a boss is someone who is the owner of the business and in charge of the workplace. The difference between these two is a matter of psychology, i.e. if you are a boss, you need to be strict with the employees to get the things done from them or else they will start fooling you.

On the contrary, being a leader you have to be a good listener and play a supporting role to boost the morale of the followers from time to time.

Managment क्या हे ??

 What is management?

Management is the process of planning and organising the resources and activities of a business to achieve specific goals in the most effective and efficient manner possible. Efficiency in management refers to the completion of tasks correctly and at minimal costs. Effectiveness in management relates to the completion of tasks within specific timelines to yield tangible results.

Characteristics of management

Some of the fundamental characteristics of management are as follows:

Multi-dimensional

Most management oversees and supervises a company or organisation's service or production cycle. Managers work closely with and provide guidance to the members of their team. A manager considers a staff member both as an individual with diverse needs and as a component of the larger group. To be effective, managers influence their team members to apply their unique strengths toward achieving the organisation's goals.

Dynamic

Management is a dynamic function and evolves and adapts to changes in its environment, whether they are economic, socio-political or technological. For instance, a paper company could see a decline in sales because of the rapid adoption of screens and digital devices. Whether the company can still survive depends on how effectively its management can adapt to new market requirements.

Intangible

Management is not a tangible product, but its presence can change the way an organisation functions. Management consists of ideologies, policies and human interaction. Good management helps improve a company's target achievement ratios, employee gratification levels and overall ease in the company's operation.

Objectives of management

Management can have mainly three types of objectives:

Organisational objectives

Management should consider the interests of all company stakeholders, including employees, customers and the government. Managers are responsible for setting and achieving goals for the organisation. Typically, the primary aim of an organisation is to achieve growth by utilising its human, material and financial resources. There are three general organisational objectives for any company:

• Survival: An organisation needs to generate enough revenues to cover its operational costs.

• Profit: Profit provides incentive and is essential for covering unprecedented costs and risks associated with running a business.

• Growth: You can measure the growth of a business in terms of increases in sales volume, workforce and capital investment.

Social objectives

To an extent, the management is also responsible for creating benefits for the society through their work. Companies choose to do this in different ways. Some may incorporate environment-friendly methods of production, while others implement fair wages and opportunities. Larger companies often maintain or fund initiatives that provide basic amenities like healthcare and education. Based on the scale of their operations, companies often initiate CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) campaigns that benefit society in different ways.

Personnel objectives

The management typically decides the financial incentives, salaries, perks and social initiatives for their employees. Activities that improve peer recognition and interaction like corporate outings and holiday bonuses cater to the personnel's social growth and development.

Importance of management

Here are some reasons management is important:

• Helps in achieving group goals: Effective management gives a common direction to individual efforts and guides them towards achieving the overall goals of an organisation.

• Increases efficiency: Efficiency reduces costs and increases productivity in all spheres of an organisation's work.

• Creates a dynamic organisation: Management helps its personnel in adapting to change so that the organisation continues to maintain its competitive edge. How well an organisation can respond and adapt to change can mean the difference between its success and failure.

• Helps in achieving personal objectives: Effective management fosters team spirit, cooperation and commitment to achieve the organisational goals as a group, which helps each term member achieve their personal objectives.

Levels of management

Management roles come in three levels:

1. Top management

Typically, the senior-most executives in a company are the chairman, chief executive officer, chief operating officer, president and vice-president. Their role lies in integrating diverse components of the company and coordinating activities of different departments. They also analyse the business environment and its implications to formulate goals in order to ensure the survival of the company and the welfare of its stakeholders.

2. Middle management

Mostly composed of division heads, the middle management links the operational management to the top management. Division/department heads receive guidance from top managers and are leaders to operational managers. Their job is to understand the policies framed by the top management and relay them to their respective divisions/departments to ensure that they follow through with company policies and decisions.

3. Operational management

Supervisors, section leads or forepersons directly oversee the efforts of the workforce. They are responsible for quality control and ensure that the work meets deadlines. The top management draws out the plans that define the authority and responsibility of supervisors.

Functions of management

The purpose of management is to unify the efforts of different individuals in an organisation towards achieving a common goal. These are some functions of management:

Planning

Planning involves creating a timeline of tasks that need to be completed to achieve a specific goal. Managers execute planning Planning should be carried out in a systematic fashion to avoid wastage of resources and time. A detailed plan of action minimises confusion, risk, wastage and uncertainty.

For example, the top management in a small business may set a high sales target for one quarter to compensate for the previous quarter's losses. A start-up's founder may plan to make formal efforts to associate with the government and other large institutions to expand the scale of their operations. Heads of local digital marketing companies may plan to create an international market for their products and services. An IT company may decide to update their work regulations to accommodate work-from-home for their employees.

Prioritise organisation

The objective of organising is to nurture a symbiotic relationship between the personnel, financial and physical resources of the company. Proper organising provides the course of action that meets all parameters for success. Organising involves the identification and classification of business activities, delegation and coordination.

For instance, the top managers may allocate funds or resources to different branches. The branch managers must then allocate funds to departments within the branch, depending on their operational requirements. The department heads then track the day-to-day expenditure of the funds.

Improve staffing

Staffing involves recruiting and building a team for the organisation. The staffing process of companies is often lengthy and in-depth. Management identifies professional roles in the company and the skills/qualities required to perform well in these roles. The manager then selects staff for those roles through the recruitment processes. Once selected, candidates undergo training and join the company's workforce. Managers are also responsible for awarding appraisals and promotions as part of staffing.

For instance, a digital marketing company might choose to expand its operations to other cities in the country. The top management can then decide to recruit five marketing personnel, four visual designers, two accounting personnel, a human resource professional and a manager for each location. They may also decide to outsource IT, maintenance and security related work to freelancers. The company's staffing guidelines may also suggest that one marketing personnel and one visual designer should move to the role of department lead, after two months of training and one year of experience in the company.

Provide direction

Supervising, motivating and guiding the staff members is central to the functions of a manager. Directing involves taking the steps to put the work in motion and maintain productivity to achieve company goals. This requires excellent leadership, communication and interpersonal skills to drive the team towards completing organisational objectives.

For example, the middle management often makes policies based on directions they receive from the top management. Operational managers focus more on managing the day-to-day functioning of the company.

 quality

Businesses function on some established standards of performance. A manager ensures that the staff's collective output meets quantity and quality benchmarks set by the company. Control at each level prevents overall deviation from prescribed quality specifications.

For example, supervisors in a fast-food chain often micro-manage cashiers, cooking staff, delivery personnel and servers to make sure that the food and service in their branch meet quality standards. Top management prescribes these quality standards and they usually evolve with time.